Java 8 and Java 11 are both significant releases in the Java platform, each introducing new features, enhancements, and changes. Here are some of the key differences between Java 8 and Java 11.
1. Modularity
- Java 8 doesn't have a module system.
- Java 11 introduced the Java Platform Module System (JPMS), also known as Project Jigsaw. This allows developers to create modular applications and libraries, improving scalability, maintainability, and security.
2. Performance Improvements
- Both Java 8 and Java 11 bring performance improvements over their predecessors, but Java 11 continues to refine and optimize various aspects of the JVM.
3. Local Variable Type Inference
- Java 8 doesn't support local variable type inference.
- Java 11 introduced local variable type inference, allowing the 'var' keyword to be used when declaring local variables, reducing verbosity in certain cases.
4. String Methods
- Java 8 introduced some methods in the String class such as `join()`, `chars()`, and `codePoints()`.
- Java 11 added additional methods like `repeat()`, which repeats the string a specified number of times, and `isBlank()`, which checks if a string is empty or contains only white space characters.
5. HTTP Client
- Java 8 doesn't have a built-in HTTP client.
- Java 11 introduced a new HTTP client API (java.net.http) as an incubator module in JDK 9 and made it a standard feature in JDK 11, providing a modern and asynchronous API for interacting with HTTP services.
6. Removed and Deprecated APIs
- Java 11 removed some APIs that were deprecated in Java 8, such as the Nashorn JavaScript engine and the Java EE and CORBA modules.
- Java 11 deprecated some APIs and features that were present in Java 8, such as the JavaFX module (though it was removed in later releases).
7. Improved Security
- Both Java 8 and Java 11 address security vulnerabilities, but Java 11 includes additional security enhancements and updates.
8. Garbage Collectors
- While Java 8 included several garbage collectors (e.g., Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1), Java 11 introduced further improvements and optimizations to existing garbage collectors like G1.
9. TLS Support
- Java 8 has limited support for TLS protocols and cryptographic algorithms.
- Java 11 enhances TLS support, adding support for newer TLS versions and cryptographic algorithms.
10. Other Language and API Enhancements
- Both Java 8 and Java 11 include various language and API enhancements, bug fixes, and performance optimizations, making them more efficient and developer-friendly.
These are some of the key differences between Java 8 and Java 11. It's worth noting that Java continues to evolve with each release, bringing new features, improvements, and optimizations to the platform.
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